![]() ![]() ![]() The explanation for neutrino flavor oscillation (electron neutrinos turning into muon neutrinos or into tau neutrinos, and vice versa in all the combinations) is wonderfully weird and magnificently quantum mechanical. The leaders of two experiments, SNO in Canada and SuperKamiokande in Japan, received the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physics for establishing neutrino oscillation, but many other experiments have filled in critical data as well. The resulting time dilation means that the apparent muon lifetime, as seen by detectors at rest on Earth, is longer than the actual muon lifetime.Īnswer: Neutrinos have mass greater than zero. Muons created in the atmosphere typically have a lot of energy, and move at a significant fraction of the speed of light. The decay of cosmic-ray muons in flight is a nice problem in special relativity, actually. That's why sensitive physics experiments are often located underground, in mine shafts or tunnels - to limit the number of muons passing through. Nickel miners have the lowest exposure to muons of all, since they work underground where they are shielded by massive amounts of rock. The total number of muons passing through a given area is thus higher at high altitudes (in airplanes and on mountaintops) than it is on the ground. The average muon lifetime is 2.2 millionths of a second, so muons decay to electrons as they pass through the air. Muons are produced in our atmosphere, when cosmic rays - high-energy protons and nuclei from outer space - interact with atoms in the air. The Eightfold Way will always have a special place in physicists' hearts, however. The official physics name for the Eightfold Way is now SU(3) flavor symmetry, which connects the physics content to mathematics (specifically, group theory). Hadrons containing strange quarks had longer lifetimes because they couldn't decay to lighter, strangeness-free hadrons via the fast-acting strong nuclear force instead, they had to decay via the slower method of the flavor-changing weak nuclear force. In quark theory, "strangeness" is due to strange quarks - a quark flavor that complements up quarks and down quarks. This shape, along with a triangle shape that could be built from the ten spin-1/2 baryons, eventually led to the development of quark theory. (Gell-Mann had a knack for memorable names he also came up with the word "quark.") Much as the Periodic Table of the Elements revealed underlying structure by organizing elements into rows and columns, the Eightfold Way revealed underlying structure by organizing spin-1/2 composite particles into an octagon shape, with charge on one axis and strangeness on the other. The Crossword clue "Subatomic particle" published 218 time/s & has 16 answer/s.Murray Gell-Mann, one of the discoverers of the Eightfold Way, named the pattern while thinking about the Noble Eightfold Path by which Buddhists attempt to achieve liberation. You may be interested in : More answers from “ The Sun Two Speed“: Click Here > (6 February 2023)Ī subatomic particle of about the same mass as a proton but without an electric charge, present in all atomic nuclei except those of ordinary hydrogen. Eugene Sheffer – King Feature Syndicate. ![]()
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